Shrumatica Guitar Guide

Parallel Ups Operation

Operation of parallel uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), whether parallel-redundant or parallel-capacity, centres on such criteria as mode of operation (supply present or supply failure), battery operation, handling of supply restoration, fault condition and overload. It also depends upon whether they are connected to a single or dual input Power Supply.

The rectifier and static switch bypass supply inputs are taken from a common ac supply point (building incomer) and each uninterruptible power supply module is fitting with isolators or circuit breakers to allow individual disconnection. Each module will also have its own battery set.

The output of each UPS module is taken to a common ac busbar where it is then distributed to critical loads. This configuration of UPS is also fitted with an emergency bypass switch (switchgear panel). For future expansion, a spare connection point is built into the switchgear panel.

Operational Mode

In normal operation, where mains power supply or back-up power (diesel generator, for example) is present, each of the UPS modules shares the load equally.

During battery operation, when mains power and/or back-up are no longer available, each of the uninterruptible power supply modules in the parallel-redundant configuration will continue equally to share the load. Each one has its own battery set with the same runtime duration and dc voltage cut off threshold. However, each battery set will discharge at slightly different rates. During extended supply failures, the battery sets will discharge until they reach their dc disconnect threshold.

Uninterruptible power supply modules will automatically restart when mains power is restored. To avoid upstream breaker tripping, start up sequence includes a soft-start action to reduce the effects of high in-rush current.

Should any of the UPS modules detect an internal fault, they will automatically disconnect from the common output, in which case the remaining modules in the configuration pick up the load (without disruption) and share it equally.

If a second module in the parallel configuration fails, it will force the remaining modules into an overload condition and the load will be transferred to bypass supplies via a static switch. This method of parallel UPS operation ensures the load receives an adequate source of power automatically and without disruption.

When faced with an overload, the entire uninterruptible power supply will react in one of two ways – depending upon the magnitude and duration of the overload. Firstly, UPS inverters have overload capabilities, so in the case of a small overload (within 100 – 150% of nominal rating), the UPS system will continue to power the load from its inverter.

Secondly, for larger overloads that exceed the capabilities of the uninterruptible power supply, all the modules will automatically switch to bypass in an attempt to clear the fault. They will remain like this until the fault is cleared or, if it continues, shutdown.

It is important to point out here that when in bypass, system resilience is compromised, which is why modern uninterruptible power supplies have been designed and programmed to generate alarm notifications, which can be monitored locally, via a network, or remotely.

Emergency bypasses are commonly installed in parallel UPS configurations to allow modules to be electrically isolated and powered down when necessary.

With a dual input supply, the UPS system is supplied from separate rectifier and static switch sources, which helps to enhance resilience and negates the single-point-of-failure associated with single supply.

Operation of a parallel-capacity uninterruptible power supply is the same as a parallel-redundant system – except for how it handles UPS module failure. In this case, if one module fails, all of the remainder, plus the faulty one, will be forced into overload condition and the load transferred to bypass. This ensured that the load continues to receive adequate power automatically and without disruption.

There are a couple of useful accessories that can be incorporated into parallel UPS operation: a UPS Group Synchroniser (UGS) and a Parallel Systems Joiner. A UPS Group Synchroniser synchronises the outputs from two separate groups of parallel UPS, which may be supplied from separate ac sources. It enables the outputs from the groups to be established into a dual bus format. A Parallel Systems Joiner operates in a similar vein but enables the connection of the two separate groups into a dynamic dual bus format, which facilitates system expansion, fault tolerance and ease of maintenance.

About the Author

Robin Koffler is the General Manager for Riello UPS Ltd the UK subsidiary of Riello UPS (RPS S.p.A) a leading European manufacturer of Uninterruptible Power Supplies and a co-author of The Power Protection Guide(ISBN 978-0-9554428-0-3)- available from Amazon.com

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Line 6 Spider IV HD150 150W Guitar Amp Head Black $365 Line 6 Spider is one of America’s best-selling family of guitar amplifiers. Plug into a Spider IV HD150 for industry-leading Line 6 amp and FX modeling, dialed in tones and presets created and inspired by rock stars, and much more. Guitar Amp modelsEach model in the Line 6 Spider IV amp head delivers the distinct tonal nuances of a celebrated American, British or European guitar amp. Models were inspired by: a Marshall JCM-900, Hiwatt Custom 100, 60′s Fender Blackface Twin Reverb, 60′s Fender Blackface Deluxe Reverb, Vox AC30 Top Boost, Divided by 13 9/15, 50′s wide panel Fender Deluxe Reverb, Gretsch 6156, ’68 Marshall Plexi 50-Watt, Orange AD30, ’68 Marshall Plexi 100-Watt with a Variac and jumped input channels, Diezel Herbert, and Mesa/Boogie Dual Rectifier.Piles of presetsPassionate about presets? Line 6 Spider IV HD150 amplifier head has them in spades with over 500 in total. Beside the 300+ presets hand-crafted by 50 rock stars, and beside the almost 200 presets inspired by the best guitar songs of all time, you can create and save up to 64 of your own user presets. Dialed in by rock starsWho do you want to sound like today? Discover the tones of your heroes in Line 6 Spider IV HD150. 50 famous guitarists and bands, including Coheed & Cambria, Johnny Marr, Slipknot, and others, hand-crafted more than 300 of their signature tones and turned them into Line 6 Spider IV amp head presets—from sparkling cleans to effect-laden tones to saturated high-gain heaven. Dialed in by Line 6This Line 6 Spider IV amp head gives you one-touch access to almost 200 tones based on the best guitar songs of all time—from the switchblade-swinging slapback of the 1950s to the high-gain distortion of the 2000s. Get the tones from Master of Puppets, Back in Black, Whole Lotta Love, Daytripper, Toxicity, Purple Haze, Head Like a Hole, Smells Like Teen Spirit, Crazy Train, and more. Edit, store and share, all via computerLine 6 Spider IV Edit software (a free download from Li

Line 6 Spider Valve 112 MKII 40W 1×12 Guitar Combo Amp Black $749.99 The result of a groundbreaking collaborative effort between living-legend amp designer Reinhold Bogner and renowned amp-modeling upstarts Line 6, Spider Valve MkII 112 40-watt combo amplifier offers the best of both worlds: brawny, boutique-style tube amp tone and the latest, most advanced Line 6 amp modeling with complete flexibility and deep editing.Acclaimed amp tonesThe Line 6 Spider Valve 112 amp has the tools and tones you need to build your sound from the ground up. It features 16 of the most advanced Line 6 amp models, which were inspired by the most revered American, British and European heads and combos. Each one was custom-tuned for Spider Valve MkII amps.Get in front of sparkling clean tones inspired by a Hiwatt Custom 100, syrupy smooth drive tones inspired by a mix of a ’65 Marshall JTM-45, a ’58 Fender Bassman and a ’63 Fender Vibroverb, British pop/rock tones inspired by a Vox AC-30 Top Boost, high-gain onslaughts inspired by a Mesa/Boogie Dual Rectifier and a Diezel Herbert, Class A crunch inspired by a Divided by 13 9/15, classic Class A breakup inspired by an Orange AD-30, and more! Store every gig’s tones with the Line 6 Spider Valve’s 128 user-programmable presets.Need to shape your tone? Tweak the Line 6 Spider Valve amplifier’s Bass, Mid and Treble knobs just like you would on the original vintage amps. When you choose an amp model, the EQ section behaves just like the EQ section of the modeled amplifier. Line 6 Spider Valve 112 MkII guitar amp gives you a complete, organic and fully authentic representation of its 16 vintage and modern amplifiers. An instant sound collection of essential FXStart smart and dive deep with the unprecedented control of Line 6 Smart FX. It features 20 brilliant effects, delivering unprecedented color, adjustability and routing options. You can tweak up to 6 parameters of any effect including the intelligent Smart Harmony and Pitch Glide, and easy-to-use 14-second Quick Loop and route it pre or post for

Line 6 Spider Valve 212 MKII 40W 2×12 Guitar Combo Amp Black $899.99 Line 6′s Spider Valve 212 combo is the result of a groundbreaking collaborative effort between living-legend amp designer Reinhold Bogner and renowned amp-modeling upstarts Line 6, Spider Valve MkII 212 40W combo amp offers the best of both worlds: brawny, boutique-style tube tone, and the latest, most advanced Line 6 amp modeling with complete flexibility and deep editing.Spider Valve MkII 212 offers more amplifier models, effects and sophisticated features than its predecessor, the original Spider Valve 212 combo, but its all-tube design and boutique-style integrity keep it firmly rooted in the Spider Valve amp family. Acclaimed amp tonesSpider Valve MkII 212 has the tools and tones you need to build your sound from the ground up. It features 16 of the most advanced Line 6 amp models, which were inspired by the most revered American, British and European heads and combos. Each one was custom-tuned for Line 6 Spider Valve MkII amps.Get in front of sparkling clean tones inspired by a Hiwatt Custom 100, syrupy smooth drive tones inspired by a mix of a ’65 Marshall JTM-45, a ’58 Fender Bassman and a ’63 Fender Vibroverb, British pop/rock tones inspired by a Vox AC-30 Top Boost, high-gain onslaughts inspired by a Mesa/Boogie Dual Rectifier and a Diezel Herbert, Class A crunch inspired by a Divided by 13 9/15, classic Class A breakup inspired by an Orange AD-30, and more! Store tones from every gig with the Line 6 Spider Valve’s 128 user-programmable presets.Need to shape your tone? Tweak the Bass, Mid and Treble knobs just like you would on original vintage amps. When you choose an amp model, the EQ section behaves just like the EQ section of the modeled amplifier. Spider Valve MkII 212 amplifier gives you a complete, organic and fully authentic representation of its 16 vintage and modern amplifiers. An instant collection of essential FXStart smart and dive deep with the unprecedented control of Line 6 Smart FX. It features 20 brilliant effects, delivering unprecedente

Line6 POD Studio UX2 $199.99 The Line 6 POD Studio UX2 recording interface combines the stunning sound of the POD Farm plug-in with a rock-solid and powerful USB interface. Line 6 versions of the immortal guitar, bass, and effects tones essential to the success of countless platinum-selling albums are now available for recording guitarists thanks to POD Studio UX2.NOTE: As of April 2010, if you order this product, you’ll automatically be upgraded to POD Farm 2.0.In 1998, Line 6 released the Amp Farm amp modeling plug-in and forever changed the way guitarists record. Ten years and dozens of groundbreaking creations later, Line 6 continues the recording revolution with POD Farm.POD Farm, the Premium Tone Plug-inFrom dark and smoky American combos to blazing, gain-crazed English stacks, the sounds of hundreds of fully adjustable amps and cabs, plus studio-standard effects, stompboxes, and preamps are here for you to define your music and cement your place in history.POD Farm plug-in features the sounds of the sought-after vintage essentials and must-have modern monsters necessary for a pro-sounding recording. It includes 18 immortal guitar amps (modeled after Fender, Deluxe Reverb, Marshall JCM-800, Vox AC-30 Top Boost, Mesa/Boogie Dual Rectifier, and more), 24 guitar cabs, 5 bass amps and 5 bass cabs, 29 essential stompbox and studio effects (modeled after EP-1 Tube Echoplex, Ibanez Tube Screamer, MXR Phase 90, LA-2A studio compression, and more) and 6 crucial mic preamps (modeled after Neve 1073, Avalon Vt737, API 512c, and more). Drag-and-drop models into the signal flow, pre- or post-amplifier. The carousel-style gear browser, displaying each and every coveted model, provides an experience that’s a dream come true. Creating classic tones or imaginative hybrids is incredibly fast and easy. Fully adjustable, each model offers total tweak capability. Also, with hundreds of presets available, classic gear combinations can be chosen to provide timeless tones in an instant. Plus, get your free FX Ju

Reissue Blues Deluxe Guitar Combo Amp $749.99 Fender unveiled its Tweed series amps to great success and acclaim in 1993. The concept: What if a great old collectable 1950s Deluxe or Bassman was customized with channel switching and reverb?Behold the Reissue Blues Deluxea vintage-style tube amp with boutique tone at a great price that many a pro rock, country and blues player has used to superb effect. While its newer cousin, the Hot Rod Deluxe, has many modern refinements, more and more enthusiasts continue to request the warm tone, unique circuitry, classic features and sharp look of the original version.Accordingly, the Reissue Blues Deluxe sends 40 watts of juice into a single 12 Special Design Eminence speaker, fueled by two 6L6 output tubes and three 12AX7 preamp tubes. Its two channels, normal (with bright switch) and drive, are voiced for classic blues, country and rock; other features include Fender spring reverb, an effects loop and two-button channel footswitch. The great look includes tweed covering, chicken head pointer knobs and a chrome control panel. 1-12″ Special Design Eminence 8 ohm, 50 watt Speaker All Tube Preamp and Power Amp 40 watts power at 8 ohms 3 X 12AX7, 2 X 6L6 tubes with SS Rectifier Dual Selectable Channels (Vintage and Drive) Independent Gain and Master Controls in the Drive Channel Bright Switch Effects Loop Reverb 1-Button Footswitch for Drive Select Chrome Panel Vintage Chicken-Head Pointer Knobs Genuine Tweed covering Warranty:Fender Musical Instruments Corporation warrants that the Fender product you have purchased shall be free of any defects in parts and workmanship if used under normal operating conditions for a period of five (5) years from the date of purchase or initial lease, except that footswitches, covers, speakers, rechargeable batteries, cabinets, handles and cabinet hardware are warranted for a period of one (1) year from date of purchase or initial lease and light bulbs, vacuum tubes, meters, cables and all other included accessory products are warranted for